Changes Brewing For African American History - 1708 Words

Changes Brewing for African Americans in 1950s Determined to write a play about African American experience in the United States for every decade during the 20th century, Wilson has written many plays representing each of these decades. Fences is one of such plays about African American in the 1950 s. It began in 1957 and ended in 1965; however, the 1950s marks the time period when the struggle against segregation and racial discrimination became strong in the mainstream of American life, showing that the wind of change was blowing. Bringing to consciousness events taking place prior to civil right movement in fences, Wilson s characters attest to the fact that the United States†¦show more content†¦This setting is noteworthy because of the industrial importance of the north to African Americans in the decades preceding civil war. According to Richard, Troy Maxson’s father – a sharecropper – â€Å"was frustrated by the fact that every crop took him further into depth† (1018). Richard means tha t economical state of the south was not favorable for sharecroppers and mostly backs. During that period, poverty, racial discrimination and savage conditions in the south caused many blacks including Troy and other men to migrate to the industrial north in search of a means of livelihood, but these men were met with utter disappointment. With no infrastructure or resources to live on, men like Troy and Bono resorted to living in shacks, committing crimes and ending up in jail. Wilson clearly shows a relationship between the freeing of the slaves and disproportionate number of African American men in jail as well as in low income occupations by contending that the majority of unequipped, resource-less and homeless group released into a competitive and financed society will find it difficult surviving lawfully in such a society. Wilson s characters attest to the fact that the United States failed African American after Abraham Lincoln ended slavery and that the United Statesâ€℠¢ failure, legalized through Jim Crow laws and other measures taken lawfully to ensure inequality, continues to affect many black lives. Wilson depicts the 1950s as a time period when new doors of

The Rapid Depletion Of Conventional Energy Sources And...

Abstract The rapid depletion of conventional energy sources and scarcity of fossil fuels are the major energy concerns. The renewable energy such as solar powered energy can be harnessed by using solar flat plate collector. A solar flat plate collector collects heat by absorbing heat from solar radiation. The performance of solar flat plate collector mainly depends upon the characteristics of working fluid. Conventional solar flat plate collector uses water as heat transfer fluid but it gives lower thermal efficiency. Nanofluids have superior thermal and optical properties that can be used to increase heat transfer rate. So our aim is to design and develop solar flat plate collector using Nanofluid as heat transfer fluid. 1. Introduction 1.1. (a) Introduction - Flat Plate Collector A solar thermal collector collects heat by absorbing heat from sunlight. A collector is a device for capturing solar radiation. Flat plate collector consists of: 1) a dark flat-plate absorber, 2) a transparent cover that reduces heat losses, 3) a heat-transport fluid (air, antifreeze or water) to remove heat from the absorber, and 4) a heat insulating backing. In water heat panels, fluid is usually circulated through tubing to transfer heat from the absorber to an insulated water tank. This may be achieved directly or through a heat exchanger. 1.1 (b) Introduction of Nanofluid A Nanofluid is a fluid containing nanometer-sized particles, called Nanoparticles. These fluids are engineeredShow MoreRelatedRenewable Energy in America Essays1573 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica is the dilemma of alternative forms of energy. While all forms of energy have various pros and cons, some are much more favorable than other depending on renewability, reliability and cost. Some are extremely energy renewable, some are much cheaper than others, some are much more reliable and some take up a lot less space than others. 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Energy Resources: Increasing energy needs, Renewable/ non renewable, Use of Alternate energy sources, Case studies f. Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man-induced land-slides, soil erosion and desertification. 35 48 2.3 ROLE OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCESRead MoreChinas model7412 Words   |  30 Pagesmanufacturing and industrialization after Mao s age. Dang made the effective plans of modernization of that promoting agricultural sector, industrialization sector and technology standards and enhancing the military strength.Its role is become vivid as its rapid rise in the aspects of other nation. Its geography is harmony with agriculture and so the citizen are mainly depends on the agriculture.Promoting agriculture is the main core of the strategic reforms.The machine are applied to do agriculture for fasterRead MoreUS Intelligence Sees Cyber Threats Eclipsing Terrorism: An Analysis6653 Words   |  27 Pagesterrorist groups. 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The essay by Gabrielle Hecht and Paul Edwards provides a nuanced interweaving of analyses of the nuclear arms race, debates over nuclear power as a major energy source, and the communications revolution made possible by computer technologies that did so much to shape the cold war standoff between the Soviet and American superpowers and the transition to a new century and millennium. Hecht and Edwards underscore

The effect of motivation on behavior Free Essays

In everyday conversation, the question â€Å"What motivated you to do that?† is a way of asking, â€Å"What caused your behavior?   Why did you act that way?†Ã‚   To psychologists, a motivation is a need or desire that serves to energize behavior and to direct it toward a goal.   Psychologists consider motivation as a hypothetical concept.   Hence, they infer motivation from behaviors observe. We will write a custom essay sample on The effect of motivation on behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now But in a broader sense, motivation pertains to the purpose for responding.   The term comes from the Latin verb movere, which means, â€Å"to move,† and it is what causes movement (behavior) that concerns this paper.   The idea of movement is reflected in such commonsense ideas about motivation as something that gets us going, keep us moving, and helps us get jobs done.   Conversely, a person is not motivated when s/he cannot seem to get out of bed or off the sofa (Pintrich, 2001). Despite these commonly held ideas, definitions of motivation are numerous and varied, and there is much disagreement over the precise nature of motivation.   Motivation has been conceived of in such varied terms as involving inner forces, enduring traits, behavioral responses tom stimuli, and sets of beliefs and affects (Schunk, D.H. 2003). Although motivation has many facets, psychologists have been especially concerned with those influences that energize and direct responses.   Simply stated, motivation determines how strong a behavior will be and the form it will take.   Moreover, much of what is known about motivational processes comes from research on how people respond to the difficulties, problems, failures, and setbacks encountered as individuals pursue goals over time.  Ã‚   Various theories contend that motivation underlies much human behavior (Weiner, 2005). Psychologists have different theoretical perspectives on motivation.   At present, there are four motivational strategies that are influential on how psychologists have understood  motivation, namely, flow theory, stress and coping theory, and intrinsic and extrinsic theory. Flow theory Csikszentmihalyi (2005) studied individuals who engaged in intrinsically motivating activities and found that their experiences reflected complete involvement with the activities. This involvement, is known as the flow theory, and is defined as â€Å"the holistic sensation that people feel when they act with total involvement† (Csikszentmihalyi, 2005). According to Csikszentmihalyi, the flow is very much related to other human motives and has shown that the dimensions in this two-by-two classification are closed-versus open-system goals and intra- versus interindividual processes.   Closed goals are those that determined by genetics (needs, hunger, thirst, safety, optimal activation) or socialization; open goals develop as a result of experience and cannot be explained by pre-existing factors.   Interindividual processes are social in nature, whereas intraindividual processes refer to the person.   Flow is a personal process and reflects open systemic goals (Csikszentmihalyi Rathunde, 2003). Moreover, individuals experiencing flow are so intensely involved with a task that they may lose awareness of time and space.   They also seek a flow experience for itself rather than for anticipated rewards.   Although flow can be experienced with any activity, it is more likely to occur with activities that allow for free expression and creativity such as games, play, and art.   De Charm’s origin state shares many elements with flow.   In extreme form, individuals forsake a traditional lifestyle and most contingent material rewards to engage in activities that provide flow (de Charms, 1996). There are a number of researches on the flow theory.   These researches have proven that despite being nebulous, the flow theory makes intuitive sense.   Csikszentmihalyi (2002)  describes a research study in which the Experience Sampling Method was employed.   Adults carried beepers that sounded several times a week, at which time subjects rated themselves on two dependent variables:   Affect (comprising items â€Å"happy,† â€Å"cheerful,† â€Å"sociable†) and activation (comprising â€Å"active,† â€Å"alert,† â€Å"strong†). Subjects also judged their situation for challenges present and skills available.   The amount of time individuals judged themselves to be in flow (defined as challenges and skills present and equal to one another) was related positively to affect and activation (Csikszentmihalyi,2002). Mayers (reported in Csikszentmihalyi, 2002) had high school students’ rate school subjects and activities on challenge and skill.   Favorite activities fell into the flow are (challenge= skill): TV and music listening (low on each); friends (moderate); and arts, such as drama or ballet, and sports (high on each).   Skills were judged to exceed challenges in humanities and social sciences, resulting in boredom.   Challenges were rated as exceeding skills in mathematics and the sciences, resulting in anxiety. Other research compared the flow experiences of three groups of adolescents.   One group attended a select public school in Italy, a second group attended a typical suburban high school near Chicago, and a third group comprised talented math students from a top Chicago public school.   Students used the Experience sampling Method.   The Italian teens reported more flow experiences than U.S. teens, especially those talented in math.   Among the U.S. teens, those attending the typical school reported the most amounts of boredom (skills exceed challenges) and anxiety (challenges exceed skills). Interestingly, the talented group scored significantly lower than the other two samples in apathy, defined as skills and challenges in sync but below average (e.g., watching TV, listening to music).   In sum, experiences are comparable for average and above average students across cultures, whereas for talented U.S. teens, flow and apathy are rarer and boredom and anxiety are common (.Csikszentmihalyi, 1995) These researches implied that motivation affects the behavior of people.   The flow theory concluded that there is a state of equilibrium between the amount of challenge in activities and an individual’s capabilities.   People feel bored when their perceived skills exceed their opportunities for using them; they become anxious when they believe that challenges exceed capabilities.   Flow can vary intensity, with the critical variable being the ratio of challenge to skill.   The portrayed relations presumably hold for peak as well as everyday experiences (Csikszentmihalyi, 2003). Intrinsic and Extrinsic theory Deci Ryan believes that intrinsic and extrinsic motivational forces govern behavior.   Extrinsic forces are preprogrammed biologically (e.g., food, sleep) or derive from the reward structure in which the individual is socialized (money, prestige).   Intrinsic forces grow out of the individual’s belief that a given outcome is worth striving for (Deci Ryan, 2001). Deci and his colleagues (Rigby, Deci, Patrick, Ryan, 2002) have recently conceptualized motivation along both intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions.   Intrinsic motivation concerns activities that are autotelic – engaged in for their own sake – which by definition are self-determined.   Extrinsic motivation involves a progression from behaviors that originally were extrinsically motivated but became internalized and now are self-determined.   The first level includes what Deci and his colleagues call external regulation.   In their research, they cited the example that students initially may not want to work on math but do to obtain teacher rewards and avoid punishment. There is very little self-determination in this situation.   At the next level of extrinsic motivation, students may engage in a task (e.g., study for an exam).   Deci and his colleagues call this introjected regulation because the source of motivation is internal (feelings of â€Å"should,† â€Å"ought,† guilt) to the person but not self-determined since these feelings seem to be controlling the person.   The third level is called identified regulation and here individuals engage in the activity because it is personally important to them. The example they cited is that, a student may study hours for a test in order to get good grades to be accepted into college.   This behavior represents the student’s own goal, although the goal has more utility value (Wigfield Eccles, 2002) than intrinsic value such as learning.   The final level of extrinsic is integrated regulation, whereby individuals can integrate various internal and external sources of information into their own self-schema and engage in behavior because of its importance to their sense of self. This final level is still instrumental, rather than autotelic as in intrinsic motivation, but integrated regulation does represent a form of self- determination and autonomy.   As such, both intrinsic motivation and integrated regulation will result in more cognitive engagement and learning than external or introjected regulation (Rigby et al., 2002). Deci and his colleagues` (Rigby et al., 2002) position is thought –provoking, has generated much research, and has important implications for the field.   Many points in the self-determination model are not clearly specified, but researchers increasingly are conducting studies that are adding to the understanding of how this theory explains how behavior changes through motivation. Stress and Coping Theory Richard Lazarus` stress and coping theory was developed from his several research on stress and its effects to humans, and it emphasizes psychological variables, namely, the cognitive processes of perception and thought.   Lazarus   (1976, 1982, 1996) argues that it is neither the process (e.g. stressor) nor the response that best defines motivation.   Rather, it is the individual’s perception and appraisal of the situation that is a significant determinant of whether or not motivation will be experienced.   He cited that an individual may enjoy public speaking, whereas another individual finds it terrifying.   According to Lazarus, events in and of themselves do not produce motivation; it is the individual’s appraisal of the event that creates the motivation (Lazarus, 2001). Lazarus` theory of motivation states that when an individual is confronted with challenge, primary appraisal occurs.   During primary appraisal the individual attempts to determine how the event will affect her or his behavior.   Some events are perceived as positive and beneficial and thus are likely to create a motivation.   However, other events are viewed negatively and thus are perceived as harmful or threatening such as stress.   This appraisal of the event also generates different coping emotions such as fear, anger, or excitement (Lazarus, 1995). The next stage, secondary appraisal, involves determining whether one’s coping capacities are sufficient to meet the demands of a potentially harmful event.   An important part of this stage is a review and analysis of the response alternatives available to the individual.   This secondary appraisal can also lead to the acquisition of new coping responses (Lazarus, 2002). Although the two models of stress and coping theory of motivation are quite different, they are not necessarily antagonistic.   It is easy to see how a biological system to cope with stress would have obvious evolutionary advantages in enhancing survival.   Yet the nature of the human cerebral cortex allows for decisional process in dealing with stress, rather than autonomic biological reactions that are characteristic of lower organisms.   A synthesis of this theory provides for an immediate, probably nonspecific, preparation for dealing with stressors; it is followed by an intelligent appraisal of the situation that may redirect the physiological reactions and institute motivation.  Ã‚   It is because humans have behavioral options, even though they may not always make intelligent decisions in dealing with stressors (Lazarus, 2001). In conclusion, motivation is an important quality that affects all behavior because the different theories presented have proven that it can influence both learning of new behaviors and performance of previously learned behaviors.   Behavior is related in a reciprocal fashion to motivation because how one behaves can be changed through one’s subsequent task motivation. References Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2002).   Emergent motivation and the evolution of the self.   In D.A. Kleiber M.L. Maehr (Eds.), Advances in motivation and achievement (Vol. 4, pp. 93-98).   Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2003). Intrinsic rewards and emergent motivation.   In M.R. Lepper D. Greene (Eds.), The hidden costs of reward:   New perspectives on the psychology of  human motivation (pp. 205-206).   Hillsdale, NY:Erlbaum. Csikszentmihalyi, M., Rathunde, K. (2003).   The measurement of flow in everyday life:   Toward a theory of emergent motivation.   In J.E. Jacobs 9Ed.), Nebraska symposium on  Ã‚  motivation 1992 (Vol. 40, pp. 57-97).   Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2005).   Toward a psychology of optimal experience.   In L. Wheeler (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology   (Vol. 3, pp. 13-16).   Beverly Hills,  CA:Sage. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2005).   Beyond boredom and anxiety.   San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.  de Charms, R. (1996).   Enhancing motivation.   New York: Irvington.   Deci, E.L. (1995). Intrinsic motivation.   New York: Plenum.  Deci, E.L. (2000). The psychology of self-determination.   Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath.  Deci, E.L., Ryan, R.M. (2001).   Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human  behavior.   New York: Plenum. Deci, E.L., Ryan, R.M. (2002).   The support of autonomy and the control of behavior.   Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1024-1027. Deci, E.L., Ryan, R.M. (2003). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality.   In R.A. Dienstbier (Ed.) Nebraska symposium on motivation 1990(Vol. 38, pp.237-238.  Lincoln:University of Nebraska Press. Lazarus, R.S. (1996).   Psychological stress and the coping process.   New York: McGraw-Hill.  Ã‚  Lazarus, R.S. (1995).   Thoughts on the relation between emotion and cognition.   American Psychologist, 37, 109-111. Lazarus, R.S. (2001).   Emotion and adaptation.   Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lazarus, R.S. (2002).   Little hassles can be hazardous to your health. Psychology Today,  pp.82-85. Pintrich, P.R. (2001).   Current issues and new directions in motivational theory and research.   Ã‚  Educational Psychologist, 26,199-201. Rigby et al., (2002).   Beyond the intrinsic –extrinsic dichotomy: Self-determination and  learning.   Motivation and Emotion, 16, 165-167.  Rigby, Deci, Patrick, Ryan, (2002).   Beyond the intrinsic –extrinsic dichotomy: Self- determination and learning.   Motivation and Emotion, 16, 165-167. Schunk, D.H. (2003).   Goal difficulty and attainment information:   Effects on children’s Achievement behavior.   Human Learning, 2, 107-117. Weiner, B. (2005).   Human motivation.   New York: Springer-Verlag. Wigfield, A. Eccles, J. (2002).   Expectancy-value theory of motivation: A developmental perspective.   Educational Psychology Review, 6, 49-52. How to cite The effect of motivation on behavior, Essay examples

Adaptive Support Ventilation Inappropriate Mechanical

Question: Discuss about the Adaptive Support Ventilation for Inappropriate Mechanical. Answer: Introduction: Obesity ventilation syndrome is mainly characterized by the daytime hypercapnia, obesity and disordered in the breathing while sleep due to the absence of a vital lung or the disease related to the respiratory muscle (Leader et al., 2013). In the case of Michael Anderson, obesity is the reason for the increase in the type 2 diabetes mellitus. The obesity etiology is supplementary complex than merely an imbalance between energy output and energy intake.The most vital factor which influences the rate of the obesity is the changes in the consumption of food with the changes in the dietary habits (Leader et al., 2013). The case history of the Michael clears that he is not only suffering from the physical issues but is also mentally disturbed and socially isolated himself from the society due to the increased weight which resulted in an increased hypertension and depression among him from the last three months (Leader et al., 2013). To support Michael in such situations of the poorly controlled diabetes, obesity ventilation syndrome and sleep apnoea chronic illness factors such as the care, family relationships, technology, developmental level, beliefs, cultural values, economics need, and communication is to be measured. A thoughtful of how such factors affects the chronic illness can make possible the suitable development and commencement of options for the illness adaptation (Leader et al., 2013). Effectiveness of nursing interventions: The chronic illness encounters the patients with the range of needs that is required by the patients to change the behavior and get involved in such activities that results in promoting the psychological and the physical well-being, to work together with the community healthcare providers and hold on to healing regimens, monitoring the status of health and to take the decisions associated with the care, and managing the illness impact on psychological, physical and social functioning with the coordination of the health care providers (You, Dunt, Doyle, 2015). The management related to the community care of the patients suffering from the OHS needs the multidisciplinary access which combines the various surgical and medical subspecialties. The affected subjects need the contribution from endocrinologists and internists regarding diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, failure of the heart. In the case the main focus of the nursing care is to control the morbid obesity as this is the main cause of all the chronic diseases in the patient (You, Dunt, Doyle, 2015). Hence, nursing care priority in such case scenario is to implement the hypothyroidism therapy; a dietician is required for the planning the diet which will result in the weight reduction; a respirologist which will help in the management of the issues related to the respiratory failure and the surgeon is required at the time of need for the potential bariatric surgery (LAM, MAK and IP, 2012). Care priority one: The community care services provides management for controlling the increased proportions of the risk related to the morbid obesity and also the advice related to the preventive lifestyle advice (Wilson, Ramelet, Zuiderduyn, 2010). The focus of the community care providers is on the strategies of intervening in the lifestyle changes with increased healthy behavior in the patients and controlling all the physiological variables that are responsible for the onset of such chronic disease. In the case, reduction in the body weight may lead to the improvement in the functions and the pulmonary physiology which can be evidenced in the patient with the improved expiratory volume and vital capacity (Ramelet, Gill, 2012). Weight loss will further results into the reduction of the desaturation severity and hypopnea or apnea index. It is obvious that the care management related to the issues will be guided as per the severe conditions and acute presentation and hence the care management inclu des the need of different care such as the requirement of the reduction in the weight, positive pressure ventilation, oxygen therapy, tracheostomy, pharmacotherapy, and management of the complicated and comorbid illness (Wilson, Ramelet, Zuiderduyn, 2010). The plan for the dietary alteration which shall support the weight reduction including the emotional readiness in order to address such issues requires evaluation (Riha, 2009).Motivation to take part in the exercise as well as the activity in spite of returning to ordinary sedentary TV watching also shall be significant. The proper enhancement and development of the chart which allows to properly mapping of the plan in order to maintain recovery with the sense of timely progress may promote regular participation in developing his ability in order to support the ADLs individually again (Madigan, Vanderboom, 2005). Proper and timely review of the efforts so as to enhance mobility should be regularly done. Care priority two: The second strategy which is to be implemented by the community care is the multidisciplinary care and will normally involve the expansion of treatment plans customized to the psychosocial, medical and the financial requirements of the patients. The community care utilizes a wider range of the social and medical support personnel which includes the physicians, pharmacists, nurses, social workers, dieticians and others to facilitating transition from the inpatient acute care to the long term management of the disease (Blackwood, Albarran, Latour, 2010). Sleep apnea is very harmful and dangerous as if it is untreated, may lead to very high blood pressure plus is also closely associated with an increased possibility of abnormal heart rhythms, heart attack, and also heart failures (LAM, MAK and IP, 2012). The community care supported the treatment with the intravenous antibiotics, and was placed on the reduced salt with low-calorie diet; in support to this he was also given complete physical therapy. The community care will also focus on the social behavior, exercise with healthy diet and complete sleeps are considered as vital to lose weight (Hooper, 2010). As OHS may be brought into use for the treatment of the hilarious health problems, thus at times surgery is also required (e.g. gastric surgery) to assist with the weight loss. Serious obesity is also refractory to the flooding management with and also without the drug or the behavioral therapies; thus in such cases, the bariatric surgery has been considered to be the best and also the most effective modality of durable and reliable treatment refer the severe obesity (Dongelmans and Schultz, 2010). The main decision to referring the patients for proper bariatric surgery at times is not at all easy as such patients do suffer at the exact same time from the important comorbid illnesses thus keeping them at much comparative higher risk for any kind of general anesthesia plus the postoperative complications (Dongelmans and Schultz, 2010). As per the guidelines which have been issued by National Institutes of Health, all of the patients with a BMI that is comparatively higher than around 35kg/m2plus an obesity that is related to the comorbid condition or such patients having BMI even greater than 40kg/m2may be referred to some special kind of surgical treatment (Dongelmans and Schultz, 2010). To properly treat the breathing disorder, one probably may require a (PAP) which stand for the positive airway pressure support that is explained in the ATS series on patient n the Obstructive Sleep Apnea refer grownups. The kinds of the positive airway pressure assistance include the (CPAP) that is Continuous PAP or the (BPAP) Bi-level PAP (Gylen, Anttalainen and Saaresranta, 2014). These both are devices which deliver air to Michael through a mask which she wears anytime while sleeping or even at the time of napping. Continuous PAP delivers the air at a continuous pressure at times when you breathe out and also when you breathe in (Blackstone, 2006). The BPAP, on the contrary, delivers much higher pressures when one breathes in, in comparison to when you breathes out. When the OSA is higher/severe, and is uncontrollable even with the PAP, a surgical hole in the back of the neck might be required to make sure that your sleep apnea is properly and completed treated (Gylen, Anttalainen and Saaresranta, 2014). In the health care of the Michael, the rationale is the continuous improvement with the long-term utilization of the PAP relics to be speculative and not active for acting via numerous mechanisms which ultimately leads to the daytime symptoms and improved nocturnal (Avram, 2002). Conclusion: Michael for the successful treatment of the syndrome is with the bi-level PAP system with decrease in weight. As increased weight is one of the major reasons for diabetes and sleep apnoea and can be cared to the great extent with the weight loss. Hence the priority of the care system is to regulate the diet of Michael with intake of rich protein and fewer calories. He is to be motivated towards such diet and physical exercises with the regular watch. The community caretaker must weigh the Michael body weight at regular intervals and motivate him for the reduction (Avram, 2002). The other care which is to observe in Michael is to deal with the sleep apnea which results in the breathing issue and is treated with the CPAP and the bi-level PAP which will allow the independent adjustment of the expiratory and the aspiratory PAP and is proved to be equivalent effective to improve the daytime hypercapnia (Avram, 2002). Hence, the proper care with routine medication will help Michael to impr ove his health and will result to live his routine life healthily. References Avram, A. (2002). Case Study: Necrotizing Fasciitis in a Patient With Obesity and Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes.Clinical Diabetes,20(4), 198-200. Blackstone, R. (2006). Implications of the Medicare National Coverage Decision for Bariatric Surgery for Treatment of Morbid Obesity.Bariatric Nursing And Surgical Patient Care,1(3), 151-155. Blackwood, B., Albarran, J., Latour, J. (2010). Research priorities of adult intensive care nurses in 20 European countries: a Delphi study.Journal Of Advanced Nursing,67(3), 550-562. Dongelmans, D., Schultz, M. (2010). Adaptive Support Ventilation: An Inappropriate Mechanical Ventilation Strategy for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?.Anesthesiology,112(5), 1295. Gylen, E., Anttalainen, U., Saaresranta, T. (2014). Relationship between habitual sleep duration, obesity and depressive symptoms in patients with sleep apnoea.Obesity Research Clinical Practice,8(5), e459-e465. Hooper, V. (2010). National Priorities Partnership: Palliative and End-of-Life Care.Journal Of Perianesthesia Nursing,25(2), 135-136. Lam, j., Mak, j., Ip, M. (2012). Obesity, obstructive sleep apnoea and metabolic syndrome.Respirology,17(2), 223-236. Leader, N., Ryan, L., Molyneaux, L., Yue, D. (2013). How best to use partial meal replacement in managing overweight or obese patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.Obesity,21(2), 251-253. Madigan, E., Vanderboom, C. (2005). Home health care nursing research priorities.Applied Nursing Research,18(4), 221-225. Ramelet, A., Gill, F. (2012). A Delphi study on National PICU nursing research priorities in Australia and New Zealand.Australian Critical Care,25(1), 41-57. Rhodes, E., Fleischman,. (2009). Management of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in children: consensus and controversy.Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome And Obesity: Targets And Therapy, 185. Riha, R. (2009). Genetic Aspects of the Obstructive Sleep Apnoea/Hypopnoea Syndrome ndash; Is There a Common Link with Obesity?.Respiration,78(1), 5-17. Wilson, S., Ramelet, A., Zuiderduyn, S. (2010). Research priorities for nursing care of infants, children and adolescents: a West Australian Delphi study.Journal Of Clinical Nursing,19(13-14), 1919-1928. You, E., Dunt, D., Doyle, C. (2015). How would case managers practice change in a consumer-directed care environment in Australia?.Health Social Care In The Community,25(1), 255-265. You, E., Dunt, D., Doyle, C. (2015). What is the role of a case manager in community aged care? A qualitative study in Australia.Health Social Care In The Community,24(4), 495-506.

How Three

Admittedly, Renaissance art is often regarded as a great stride forward. The artists started creating three-dimensional paintings which ‘involved’ the viewer into the world of the painting. The use of linear perspective made it possible to make certain stresses and to highlight particular ideas. Masaccio’s Holy Trinity (1427) is one of the most illustrative examples of the specific use of perspective and vanishing point in particular.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Three-Dimensionality Conveys a Precise Relationship Between the Viewer and the Divine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The artist creates a three-dimensional message to people. He reveals his own outlook (which is, of course, similar to ideas of people who lived at that period). The use of perspective creates a special effect: the artist makes people realize their particular place in the relationship with the divine. The fresco conveys the idea that the divine is something real but still unreachable for human beings. To start with, it is important to focus on the technique used by the artist. Masaccio places the vanishing point at the eye level of the viewer. Apart from this, the artist painted a magnificent vault. It is divided into squares which are shortened in the background. This technique creates a specific effect of three-dimensionality of the painting. It seems that the vault is real and the objects in it are real as well. Basically, the viewer can feel as if he/she was standing in front of a real vault. It goes without saying that this visual effect helps the artists to convey his ideas concerning the divine and the place of people in the relationship with the divine. Furthermore, the vault helps to divide the space into two levels or dimensions: the level of the divine (which is, in its turn, divided into two dimensions) and the level of mortal people. The Holy Trinity and the figures of Mary an d Saint John are located in the dimension of the divine (inside the vault). At the same time, the figures of the donators are outside the vault. These figures are quite distant from the figures which are in the dimension of the divine. Therefore, it is possible to state that the location of the vanishing point and the techniques used to paint the vault contribute greatly to the creation of a specific effect: depicting real objects at different levels. In the first place, it is essential to consider the foreground, in other words, the first level. It is but natural that the first level is occupied by donators (i.e. people). However, one more object is depicted in this level. In fact, this object is really illustrative. It is a skeleton which is at the bottom of the fresco.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The skeleton symbolizes perishability of human beings. This object signals th at human body turns into ashes. Therefore, people should be more concerned with the well-being of their souls rather than their bodies. The object at the bottom of the painting is a great reminder for people. The other two objects which are depicted in this level are the figures of two donators. These people are kneeling before the figures of the other two levels. The donators commemorate the holy entities. It is important to stress that these figures are located at the viewer’s eye level. This position suggests that the viewers should place themselves into the similar position. The figures of the donators are very realistic. More so, it may seem that those are real people praying. This precision makes the viewer associate the figures with him/herself. Apart from this, it is necessary to have a closer look at the figure’s location. The figures are at the bottom of the vault where the Holy Trinity, Mary and John are depicted. The donators are in immediate proximity to t he divine. However, these figures cannot possibly reach the divine. Their role is to commemorate the divine. It is also possible to assume that the artist conveys one more idea. He claims that people should try to remain in that position instead of turning into the object depicted at the bottom of the fresco (skeleton). The painting suggests that it is crucial to protect such a world order. As far as the objects ‘inside’ the vault are concerned, they are as realistic as the rest of the objects. Techniques used in Renaissance art enabled artists to create lively and realistic characters. Thus, the figures of Mary, John and the Holy Trinity are realistic. The viewer comes to an understanding that the divine is not some unclear entity. The viewer can see the embodiment of the divine. Apart from techniques used to paint the figures located in the dimension of the divine, it is also necessary to consider position of each object. Basically, the dimension of the divine is divi ded into two levels. Thus, the figures of Mary and John are depicted in the foreground.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Three-Dimensionality Conveys a Precise Relationship Between the Viewer and the Divine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is quite logical that they are in this very position. The artist refers to the background of these mortals who became saints. Mary and John were people once. Therefore, they are closer to people. Notably, they are also commemorating the Holy Trinity. Finally, the figures of Jesus Christ, God and the Holy Spirit are a bit above the viewer’s eye level. However, these figures are in the middle of the painting. They are in the central position. Again, Jesus Christ is depicted in the foreground, whereas God is behind the cross. This position is also symbolic as it also refers to Christ’s origin (a mortal woman delivered him). Importantly, God holds the cross. He supports his son who is helping God’s children. Therefore, the divine is quite distant from people. Though, the divine protects mortals. Notably, one more object is worth particular attention. The Holy Spirit is depicted in the dimension of the divine. However, Masaccio manages to depict it in a very special way. The use of perspective enables the artist to depict an object which may appear in the three dimensions. The Holy Spirit is depicted as a white pigeon. The white pigeon is above Christ’s head. Nonetheless, it may seem that the pigeon is flying to bless people. It may seem that the pigeon is approaching the viewer. To sum up, it is possible to state that the use of perspective enables Masaccio to create a three-dimensional painting which reveals his outlook. The fresco Holy Trinity represents the artist’s ideas concerning the relationship between people and the divine. It is important to note that the people who lived in the fifteenth century shared simi lar viewpoints. Therefore, people thought that the divine was in the immediate proximity to people, though people could never reach it due to their sinful nature. The fresco reveals this idea perfectly well as the objects symbolizing the divine and the humane are in different dimensions. Three-dimensionality helps the artist to reveal his outlook.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on How Three-Dimensionality Conveys a Precise Relationship Between the Viewer and the Divine was written and submitted by user Kyr0n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Irelands Repeal Movement

Ireland's Repeal Movement The Repeal Movement was a political campaign spearheaded by Irish statesman Daniel OConnell in the early 1840s. The goal was to break political ties with Britain by repealing the Act of Union, legislation passed in 1800. The campaign to repeal the Act of Union was considerably different than OConnells earlier great political movement, the Catholic Emancipation movement of the 1820s. In the intervening decades, the literacy rate of the Irish people had increased, and an influx of new newspapers and magazines helped to communicate OConnells message and mobilize the populace. OConnells repeal campaign ultimately failed, and Ireland would not break free from British rule until the 20th century. But the movement was remarkable as it enlisted millions of Irish people in a political cause, and some aspects of it, such as the famed Monster Meetings, demonstrated that the majority of Irelands population could gather behind the cause. Background of the Repeal Movement The Irish people had been opposed to the Act of Union since its passage in 1800, but it wasnt until the late 1830s that the beginnings of an organized effort to repeal it took shape. The goal, of course, was to strive for self-government for Ireland and a break with Britain. Daniel OConnell organized the Loyal National Repeal Association in 1840. The association was well-organized with various departments, and members paid dues and were issued membership cards. When a Tory (conservative) government came into power in 1841, it appeared obvious that the Repeal Association would not be able to achieve its goals through traditional parliamentary votes. OConnell and his followers began to think of other methods, and the idea of holding enormous meetings and involving as many people as possible seemed like the best approach. The Mass Movement During a period of about six months in 1843, the Repeal Association held a series of enormous gatherings in the east, west, and south of Ireland (support for repeal was not popular in the northern province of Ulster). There had been large meetings in Ireland before, such as anti-temperance rallies led by the Irish priest Father Theobald Matthew. But Ireland, and probably the world, had never seen anything like OConnells Monster Meetings.   It is unclear exactly how many people attended the various rallies, as partisans on both sides of the political divide claimed different totals. But its clear that tens of thousands attended some of the meetings. It was even claimed that some crowds numbered a million people, though that number has always been viewed skeptically. More than 30 large Repeal Association meetings were held, often at sites associated with Irish history and mythology. One idea was so instilled in the common people a connection to Irelands romantic past. It can be argued that the goal of connecting people to the past was accomplished, and the large meetings were worthwhile achievements for that alone. The Meetings In the Press As the meetings began to be held across Ireland in the summer of 1843 news reports circulated describing the remarkable events. The star speaker of the day, of course, would be OConnell. And his arrival in a locality would generally consist of a large procession. The enormous gathering at racecourse in Ennis, in County Clare, in the west of Ireland, on June 15, 1843, was described in a news report which was carried across the ocean by the steamship Caledonia. The Baltimore Sun published the account on its front page of July 20, 1843. The crowd at Ennis was described: Mr. OConnell had a demonstration at Ennis, for the county of Clare, on Thursday, the 15th ult., and the meeting is described as more numerous than any that preceded it- the numbers are stated at 700,000! including about 6,000 horsemen; the cavalcade of cars extended from Ennis to Newmarket- six miles. The preparations for his reception were most elaborate; at the entrance to the town whole trees were plants, with triumphal arches across the road, mottoes, and devices. The Baltimore Sun article also referred to a large meeting held on a Sunday which featured an outdoor mass held before OConnell and others spoke of political matters: A meeting was held at Athlone on Sunday- from 50,000 to 400,000, many of them women- and one writer says that 100 priests were on the ground. The gathering took place at Summerhill. Before it, mass was said in the open air, for the benefit of those who had left their distant homes too soon to attend morning service. News reports appearing in American newspapers noted that 25,000 British troops had been stationed in Ireland in expectation of an uprising. And to American readers, at least, Ireland appeared on the verge of a rebellion. The End of Repeal Despite the popularity of the large meetings, which mean the majority of Irish people may have been directly touched by OConnells message, the Repeal Association eventually faded away. In large part, the goal was simply unattainable as the British population, and British politicians, were not sympathetic to Irish freedom. And, Daniel OConnell, in the 1840s, was elderly. As his health faded the movement faltered, and his death seemed to mark the end of the push for repeal. OConnells son tried to keep the movement going, but he did not have the political skills or magnetic personality of his father. The legacy of the Repeal Movement is mixed. Though the movement itself failed, it kept alive the quest for Irish self-government. It was the last great political movement to affect Ireland before the horrific years of the Great Famine. And it inspired younger revolutionaries, who would go on to be involved with Young Ireland and the Fenian Movement.

Song of Myself (A poem by Walt Whitman) I found this poem in The Research Paper

Song of Myself (A poem by Walt Whitman) I found this poem in The Norton Anthology American Literature vol C - Research Paper Example ibilities for poetry in America and he did this largely through his most famous poem â€Å"Song of Myself.† This extraordinary poem has had a lingering influence on American letters. It is a fascinating and extraordinary work. In the late nineteenth century, when Whitman came into the full flower of his poetic powers, America was a changing country. Its economy was growing at a massive rate, its population was expanding. The country had once and for all thrown off many of the vestiges of its colonial past. For example, there was very little class system. America was a land of opportunity, of rugged individualism. The motto of the country was that if you worked hard, you would be able to do anything you wanted to. The cities were growing, industry was booming, and in New York City, Walt Whitman was finally becoming the poet to tell the story. But America was not developing in a vacuum. European ideas had great influence in America. In particular, the early 19th century had left a legacy of romanticism which was still waiting to be transformed into something more, to be transitioned to the next stage. As one critic has written: Politically the time was ripe. The 18th century left a heritage of optimism about mans possibilities and perfectability. The lofty ideals of democracy asserted the value of individuals, regardless of class, and education. Of course, these values primarily applied to white males. In fact, tensions were building which cried out for creative release. Inequality, not equality was the rule for many, especially women and slaves. The clash of these realities with the idealistic rhetoric led writers to take extremes, championing individualism yet also seeing the darker sides of a fragmenting society (Woodlief). Whitman was ready to take these discrete elements and make something new of them. He was a nobody, a dreamer, a watcher, but he also had a powerful gift for speech and poetry which would make him famous all over the world. He self-published

Documentary Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Documentary - Personal Statement Example (Rosenthal 1996, 31-35) So while the genre title 'f 'documentary' is a useful one for Video Store owners, the conventions and styles used by documentary filmmakers vary so greatly that the term documentary really does not give the viewer much 'f an idea as to what to expect from their viewing experience. One mode 'f documentary is the institutional documentary. Institutional documentary is, in its most generic meaning, a documentary that is financially and legally supported, and more often than not, ethically regulated by the organisation that funds the project. Because 'f this, there is no one film maker behind the documentary who has creative control, as the institution funding the project is primarily concerned with documenting it's cause and this drives the content and often the style 'f presentation. The style 'f these documentaries are not really exciting and do not rely on dramatisation, rather they rely on using the power 'f the content to influence the viewer. This may make the documentary less interesting to watch but what we must realise in institutional documentary is that the institution is driven by a desire to convey a strong message but often limited by a strict budget. This leaves no room for special effects or extra scenes that may not be cost efficient, even if th ey may the documentary more 'entertaining'. The documentary film Facing the Music directed by Bob Conolly, a part observational and part performative documentary, is an example 'f an Institutionalised documentary. Concepts 'f the institution, the issue 'f funding and sponsorship, the questions 'f authority and resistance are all enmeshed in this documentary. The documentary follows the protagonist, Ann Boyd as she fights against the system that ultimately aims to destroy the music department at the University 'f Sydney. The directors in this case follow the institution 'f the Music Department, and document on what they see happening from their perspective. (Rabiger 1998, 1-7; Bruzzi 2000, 15-17) The film did not have a large budget and relies heavily on presenting the talents 'f the musicians studying at the University, and the passion and determination 'f Boyd to influence the viewer to see that the department should receive funding to continue to develop these amazing talents. The film moves slowly, does not make use 'f spec ial effects and relies heavily on content to influence the viewer. The content 'f the film is driven by the Music Department's desperate need for funding and aims to show the viewer just how important this Institution is. The film's purpose very much influences its style. While Institutional documentary is one form 'f documentary film, it differs greatly from other modes 'f documentary. Self Reflexivity is also another principle 'f documentary. It is defined as "any aspect 'f a film which points toward its own process 'f production" So since we are aware 'f the processes through out the documentary that created it, such as camera equipment in view, the voice 'f a person behind the camera to an interviewee or anything that points towards this aspect, it in fact makes the Documentary feel more

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 14

Sociology - Essay Example The link between social class and educational attainment can be proved to exist if evidence is found for the existence of a relationship between ability and social class since good abilities are very essential for sound education, since good abilities are essential for sound education and learning. A person is gifted with good abilities by nature. Though practice makes a lot of difference but a practicing person can never be as sharp as the one who is mentally smart. Therefore, good abilities are in born and can not be developed. Secondly, it needs to be evaluated whether a social class is inherited or a higher social class is attainable through hard work or not. Thirdly, it needs to be clarified whether social class is needed to ensure sound educational attainment, or vice versa. It can be observed in the society that money can not buy everything. Many rich parents fail to educate their children despite getting them admitted in expensive schools. Many schools guarantee that they can educate students the best but the fact is that it is not true unless the students themselves take interest in their studies. On the other hand, we come across many cases where poor parents have succeeded in educating their children good enough to get them high posts and good salaries, and accordingly they social class of the children gets upgraded as compared to their parents. Thus, it is proved that money can not buy learning and a higher social status is quite attainable through hard work and luck. Expensive schools are not necessary for the attainment of good education. A mentally sharp and hard working person can get the highest level of education. All he / she needs is to be at the right place and the right time and a good luck. Education is not the property of the rich. Thu s, there is no significant relationship between social class and educational

Advantages Of Human Resource Planning Business Essay

Advantages Of Human Resource Planning Business Essay Human resource planning is really important that without this all planning will finally end up as a mere guess work. Even if the predictions or forecast is not always successful, it is still needed because the forecasts can be quite useful which will give a basis. Upon this basis it is able to avoid ad hoc problems to an extent. Therefore human resource planning should be articulated along with the organisational planning. A dearth of particular category of employee or particular kind skills will affect the organisation in achieving its goals. Rapid changes in technology, marketing, management etc., will result in need of particular category an skilled persons. Changes within an organization in its design and structure will affect manpower demand. Demographic changes like the altering profile of the manpower in terms of age, sex, education etc. The Government policies in regard to reservation, child labour, working conditions etc. Different labour laws affecting the demand and supply of labour. Pressure from trade unions, politicians etc. Advantages of Human Resource Planning: Human Resources Planning (HRP) expects not just the needed quality and quantity of employees instead decide the accomplish plan for all the occasions of human resource management .The major advantages of Human resource planning are: It assures the corporate plan of the firm. The HRP elucidates doubts and alters to the upper limit potential and enables the organization to have right kind of people at right time in right place. It allows background for progress and growth of employees through training, development etc. It aids in anticipating the cost of salary increasing, improved benefits etc. It also helps to predict the cost of pay offs, incentives and all other cost of human resources which facilitates the formulation of budgets in an organization. To forecast the changes in abilities, aptitude and attitude of personnel. It results in the advancement of different origins of human resources to encounter the organizational goals and objectives. It also aids in taking measures to amend human resource shares in the form of enhanced output ,business turnover etc It facilities the control of all the functions, operations, contribution and cost of human resources Planning as an organisational business strategy: Planning process in a strategic way is often accomplished by networking with in and outside the organisation. The focus is therefore on strengthening the networking with the internal human resource professionals and external human resource persons which will be rooted in sharing information, technology, tools necessary for planning and development of personnel. The outcome depends on effective implementation of the developed tools and resources needed. Out of these a sustainable and feasible strategy has to be formulated. The most important thing to be noted here is that the strategy formulated should be articulated with the overall business strategy of the organisation. For this they will consult different human resource managers and all the line managers in the organisation. In order to ensure highest possible utilization of the tools they will work in close conjunction with the managers. This will be aimed in creating a sound personnel data base and tools for the line managers. Long term planning for success in short term: Though long term planning is advised the daily operational pressures would cause the long term planning to give way to short term planning. This might cause the plans ultimately to be less successful. It can be very expensive too. Quite lot of lead time is needed for recruiting, developing talented personnel. This will require long term economic plans. For a successful planning, all the factors need to be interconnected. The impact of short term planning will be to rely on current work force for all the organisational activities. But so as to achieve long term goals of an organisation it must have some changes made in the current human resources. It should be able to foresee the future needs of the organisation even in worst external scenario. Now the focus has been shifted from long range planning to strategic planning. What long range means is to predict for a particular time in future the amount of demand of an organisations services and to analyse in what area that demand will occur in future. This is often used to determine the demand in certain situations like expansion, adding of more services to the existing situation, capital needs etc. But later when the industries became volatile and the external scenario became dynamic the long range planning was replaced by strategic planning. The idea behind long range planning is that the firm will continue its rendering of services so as to match with its demand. But the idea underlying behind the strategic planning is that there are lot of economic, social, political, technological and competitive changes happening. By understanding all these changes to analyse whether the organisation will be able to provide services that would meet these challenges or whether it should m ove to further new services and products. Though it will take considerable time to evolve a strategy, time span is not the important focus here. It might even take generations to evolve and implement a strategy. Therefore it is better to use long term and short term to describe the time that it will take for a strategy to implement. CHAPTER 2 Literature Review: Human beings are the most important assets in hospitals. Machines and other equipments which are integral parts of delivering health care require the human touch, expertise, and commitment for their full utilization and application in delivery of health care. Therefore planning of human resources is the key to any health care provision. The objective of human resource (HR) policy is to attract, recruit, retain and develop competent personnel and Create a continuously learning health care organisation. (B.Ray) Human resource planning is the projection of the number of people required and the type of people in terms of skill mix required for the organisation so as to achieve the desired goals and objectives of the organisation. This means that human resource planning is an important add on to the strategic plans. But evidence shows that the connecting bridge between human resource planning and strategic management is not stressed in practice (Baird et al.1983, De sancto-1983; Ohan Rynes-1983). Reason to this non utilisation is found in focus of human resource planning literature. Almost all the research focuses on human resource supply and demand forecasting (Zedeck Casci-1984). Extra care may be taken in developing a statistical model of manpower planning, but little care is given to gaining managerial acceptance of such plans. Thus there exist a huge gap between available techniques and their use because important organisational realities are not projected in to the models (Zedeck Casc io,1984) Rapid environmental change, globalization, innovations to provide competitive products and services, changing customer and investor demands have become the standard backdrop for organizations. To compete effectively, firms must constantly improve their performance by reducing costs, enhancing quality, and differentiating their products and services. To improve firm performance and create firm competitive advantage, HR should focus on better and new set of priorities. These newly set priorities should be more organisational, business and strategic oriented and less focussed towards old traditional HR functions like staffing, training, appraisal and compensation. Business strategic priorities include team-based job designs, flexible workforces, quality improvement practices, employee empowerment and incentive compensation (Jing and Huang 2005). SHRM was designed to diagnose firm strategic needs and planned talent development which is required to implement a competitive strategy and achieve operational goals (Huselid et al., 1997). Apart from report proof on the strategic importance of human resource planning, studies of organisation practices give an indication of its arousing grandness for strategic applications. A study interviewed human resource executives from 137 companies to describe the reasons why their companies were following human resource forecasting, which an important part of human resource is planning. The most important three reasons were for bringing up their human resources (77.6 percent), for avoiding personnel shortages (73.1 percent), and to collect information for decisions (73.1 percent). Another set of reasons for human resource forecasting included the following: optimistic action efforts (63.6 percent), budgeting (62.1 percent), and career planning (59.7 percent)

The Match - Original Writing :: Papers

The Match - Original Writing Drums beating, hearts racing, sweat dripping. Eleven men with their countries hopes on their shoulders, one coach egging them on, one manager with a nervous tick and four subs desperate to get a game, all anticipating the next ninety minutes. Tips and tactics came from the coach, demanding they win the game. â€Å"This is the biggest game of your lives!† And many would agree being the World Cup Final and all, but for one player, number 5, Jamie Lloyd, there was something else worth concentrating on. He sat with his head in his hands, crucial advice washing over him, he could hear voices but he wasn’t listening to a word. His head was spinning, different things whizzed around his mind, and nothing made

Macbeth English Ib-Hl Essay

ENGLISH HL SHAKESPEARE- MACBETH ESSAY It is human nature to be intrigued by all things mystical and dangerous. We fear the unknown but seek it nonetheless out of greed. Most of Shakespeare’s works hold an element of the supernatural and the play Macbeth is no exception. In this play we see a contemporary morality that warns of the dangers of trafficking with instruments of darkness; the witches in the play prophesize of Macbeths future as king, and Macbeth blinded by his hunger for power fails to recognize that the witches prophecies are luring him to evil .In act 1 scene 3 we see the effect that the excitement of the prophecies has had on his imagination as he begins to contemplate murdering the king. As Macbeth gets closer to kingship his imagination grows wild and evil. This essay will aim to describe how internal conflict, imagery and themes are used in establishing Macbeth’s confused, guilty and eventually confident state of mind as he made his way to Duncanâ€℠¢s chamber. Macbeth suffers from internal conflict as he battles with his guilt and ambitions to be king. The internal conflict of Man verses himself is seen in Macbeths aside in act 1 scene 3.This aside holds many powerful statements by Macbeth about his sense of confusion and torn state of mind. For example â€Å"the supernatural soliciting (temptation) cannot be ill- cannot be good†¦ if good, why do I yield to that suggestion† is an antithesis that gives the audience further insight into Macbeth’s way of reason. When broken down, this antithesis show that Macbeth knew something terrible was going to happened (â€Å"cannot be good†) but Macbeth, energized by the prophecies and possibility that he will be king (â€Å"cannot be ill†) knows he lacks the strength to overcome his desires.Macbeth is deeply agonized at the thought of killing the king who he has gained honor, respect and a good reputation from. He takes pride in his honor and fears ruining it. But the chance of being kings is too great of an opportunity for Macbeth to give up. To audiences and/or readers new to Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth may seem ruthless. But his doubts and uncertainties about killing the king show some sense of compassion and morality. Shakespeare often presents uncertain and abnormal conditions of the mind in the leading protagonists in his plays in order to excite and arouse emotions whether it is of pity, fear or astonishment within the udience. Macbeth does not think so much about the wrongness of killing Duncan but rather he looks at the innocence of Duncan and thinks about how the people will feel if the king were dead. Macbeth therefore spirals himself into a confused and hesitant state of mind as he fights to wrestle down his guilt in order to follow through with the murder of king Duncan. Macbeth has become consumed by his desperate desires to be king and has developed an overly active imagination in attempts to conjure up the cour age, willpower and confidence to find a way to successfully kill Duncan without being caught.Unfortunately Macbeth faces difficulties containing his active imagination and this leads him into mind states of denial uncertainty and confusion. All this is captured perfectly by Shakespeare’s use of the imagery of light and dark in act 1 scene 4:â€Å"stars hide your fires! Let not light see my black and deep desires! † Light symbolizes life, virtue and goodness while the dark symbolizes evil and death. Macbeth requests the starts to hides their fires so that there is darkness, because the evil deeds he is about to commit are so horrible that It would blind ones sight to look, therefore partial blindness is necessary to carry it out.Light and darkness are extended metaphors to represent nature. Macbeth hides from nature (hides from the light of the stars) and uses nature to hide his cruel intentions (performs the murder in the dark of night). This particular phrase shows eq uivocation whereby Macbeth is denying himself of the knowledge that he is capable of such horrors by wanting the stars to hide their light from him. It is within this denial that a glimmer of uncertainty and confusion peak through Macbeth. If he were certain about the murder he would have had the confidence to face the exposing light of nature fearlessly.True evil fears no good. Macbeth fears the light then he cannot be a purely evil individual. A purely evil individual fears nothing but himself and to add to that note that is reason why Macbeth is referred to as a tragic hero and not a villain. His tragedy is profound because he realizes that killing the king is wrong and mentally and physically he is very hesitant to do so but he still give into his selfishness ambitions as he makes his ways to Duncan’s chambers. As we move closer to the king’s murder in act 2, the evil in Macbeth begins to strengthen and solidify.We begin to see the cunning traits of a murder surfac e in Macbeth as the theme of appearance verses reality is brought out in his character at the end of act 1 scene 7 when he says â€Å"false face must hide what false heart doth know†. This example implies that one can never truly tell what is on someone else mind by looking at the face; the face will hide the truth that the heart and mind (conscience) knows. There is a metaphoric reference to the reality that is behind Macbeth’s appearance. The false face that Macbeth speaks of is like a mask worn by a thief.Like a thief he will put on a mask and steal Duncan’s life and crown away from him and no will would know it is him as he is disguised. In the beginning of this scene Macbeth had come to the conclusion that his ambitions were not justified enough to kill Duncan who was a good king and good man. When he told his wife that they must not go ahead with the plans she questions his manhood. In my opinion Macbeth’s need to prove his manhood is the driving fo rce that fuels his strength to follow through with the murder. It is important to note that Macbeth is a strong soldier but a week man.He burdens insecurities about being barren. If it were not for lady Macbeth and her ridicule about his cowardice, Macbeth would have never risen to the occasion. As he made his way to Duncan’s chamber Macbeth still had hesitations however his wife scrutiny and attack on his manhood gave him the confidence to see their plans through. The tragic tale of Macbeth epitomizes the deadliness that ambition for power holds. Within an instant Macbeth’s honorable and worthy service in battle evolves itself into a cowardly attack on a helpless victim all in the name of greed and power.Macbeth is not a dastardly villain. He is a fallen hero who has been stained by malignant ambitions and insecurities of his manhood driven not only by himself but also by the dominant female figures in the play (the witches and Lady Macbeth in particular). Macbeth cra ves and strives for the crown of Scotland. However as the time to kill the king breaches closer and closer Macbeth has an increasing sense of confusion and uncertainty about the person he is and the person he is about to become.

John Rawls Ethical Theory Essay Essays

John Rawls Ethical Theory Essay Essays John Rawls Ethical Theory Essay Paper John Rawls Ethical Theory Essay Paper On February 21 on the twelvemonth 1921 a adult male who’s in the hereafter will be regarded as a outstanding philosopher John Rawls in Baltimore Maryland was born. He graduated in Kent School in 1939 ; Rawls completed BA at Princeton University and received in here his Ph. D. in 1950. Great American Political Philosopher John Rawls was extremely considered as an of import individual at the clip. as the most outstanding liberalisms’ advocator. He was besides working as a Professor at Harvard University in his field of expertness. in the field of Political Doctrine. Rawls’ theory that frequently calls â€Å"justice as fairness† and its constructs presented in 1971 Theory of Justice. his primary published book. He is besides the Godhead of 1993 Political Liberalism that means typical things into different people and The Law of Peoples in 1999. It presents a non-historical or conjectural fluctuation on the societal contract theory. In the said theory. it declares that agents are doing a balanced and rational societal determination following a certain regulation at the rear of â€Å"veil of ignorance† . The said theory makes them able to forestall from cognizing in advancement what status and class they will keep. Rawls proclaimed that this method will be good for all the citizens for it will certainly bring forth a society in which the freedom of everyone embracing and their independency will be practiced. His announcement besides emphasized that this will maximise for the full state and societal disparity will merely go on when the fortunes prove that it will profit a least favorite components. In brief. what he has done is to unite the really strong rule of societal and economic equality. In the issue entitled â€Å"When is making a turnover state of affairs the right thing to do† . the writer. â€Å"MEK† . tells the narrative an employee who is truly making rather good in the occupation. However. it is besides said that the employer of the said employee although willing to maintain him for the occupation. is non willing and interested in doing such investing for the development of the employee’s calling. â€Å"MEK† besides tells his narrative in sing his past employer. In order to understand the state of affairs allow me foremost give a sum-up of the narrative. MEK one time work as a displacement supervisor in a certain company. By that clip. the operations director is truly skilled non merely in the occupation but as a leader excessively. After some clip. the displacement director was promoted go forthing MEK in charge of the vacant place. MEK works as moving operations director for about 4 months and it can be said that he is making a great occupation with addition in the gross revenues and low turnovers during his clip as the operations director. Suddenly. after more than 160 yearss of working in the said place. it is said that he is to be replace by fresh alumnus of BA grade. The said replacing had perfectly no experience in running a concern. MEK is even asked to develop the individual who is to replace him. Therefore. MEK was in actuality disturbance and decided non to work in the company to any farther extent. The presence of ethical issue can be seen in this narrative. And this presence of issue can be resolved and accomplished utilizing a construct formulated by John Rawls in what appear to us and popularly known as the â€Å"justice of fairness† . Harmonizing to Rawls. two conditions must be satisfied for societal and economic inequalities. First. just equality of chance must be given when it comes to places and every bit good as offices that are frequently to all who can be considered under status. Second. it has to profit those that are considered least advantage member of the society. Using Rawls’s construct in the instance of MEK. it can be said that MEK has the right remain as the operation director of the said company. It can be said that MEK was non given equal chance because the company based their determination on the educational attainment of the person ( which is the chief footing for most companies ) . something that MEK lacks. However. MEK had proven that although he does non hold a BA grade. he is still able to make the occupation. Therefore. using Rawls construct in the state of affairs. it would had been in good will and favour of MEK. Aside from what had been mentioned earlier. there had besides been several constructs of Rawls that are considered of great value and importance in political doctrine. It is believed that John Rawls made an of import part in the said field. Rawls’s work non merely attracted the attending of those who are interested and are in the field of doctrine but many other Fieldss as good such as political scientist. economic expert and even legal bookmans and theologists. This lone proves that his political orientation is good known and regarded as one of the best if non the best. Among all of the plants of Rawls. his books of Justice as equity. his original place. the brooding equilibrium. Rawls’ overlapping consensus. and public dealingss are the 1s that had been given and receive extended attendings. Rawls is regarded as alone among political philosophers in the modern-day clip. Ethical motives involves the survey of norms and values in peculiar action cognizing what is right or incorrect and the effects of it weather bad or good and character virtuousness and this patterns are importance in the Fieldss of administration every bit good as in concern universe. Ethical motives purpose was to supply a systematic explanatory history and enquiry that the people may really hold. The usage of moralss in concern and authorities universe besides imply public policy as a manner of equilibrating or weighing relevant considerations normally identified by rules of common usage. In my personal sentiment. I besides believe that in today’s concern and authorities universe survey of moralss is of great value. In concern. moralss examined moral and ethical jobs that can originate and take it’s topographic point in a concern environment. Through this survey. they will able to follow how the corporations behavior concern. keep both within and outside workers of the company. Through this company can beef up its relationship with the employees how they can pull off and handle every member the right and most effectual manner. or workplace moralss. they can besides explicate a proper administration. and do policies. determination devising. allow techniques and understanding single behaviour. In the instance of administration. it creates a leading procedure and societal duty to be able to administrate and treat the system. And so the administration for the organisation. like a authorities would include such common characteristic such as a clear mission. a good duty. answerability. transparence. stewardship. flexibleness. representation and most of all they may get success. The fulfilment of the organisations mission is a paramount concern be it to do net incomes make good plants or act as a authorities.

Léon Foucault, Physicist Who Measured Speed of Light

Là ©on Foucault, Physicist Who Measured Speed of Light French physicist Là ©on Foucault played an essential role in measuring the speed of light and proving that Earth rotates on an axis. His scientific discoveries and contributions remain significant to this day, particularly in the field of astrophysics. Fast Facts: Là ©on Foucault Born: September 18, 1819 in Paris, FranceDied: February 11, 1868  in Paris, FranceEducation: University of ParisOccupation: Physicist Known For: Measuring the speed of light and developing the Foucault pendulum (which proved Earths rotation on an axis) Early Life Là ©on Foucault was born to a middle-class family in Paris on September 18, 1819. His father, a well-known publisher, died when his son was only nine years old. Foucault grew up in Paris with his mother. He was frail and often sick, and as a result he was educated at home until he entered medical school. He decided early on that he couldnt handle the sight of blood, and so left medicine behind to study physics. During his work with mentor Hippolyte Fizeau, Foucault became fascinated with light and its properties. He was also intrigued by the new technology of photography being developed by Louis Daguerre. Eventually, Foucault began to study the Sun, learning about the physics of sunlight and comparing its spectrum to that of other light sources such as lamps.   Scientific Career and Discoveries Foucault developed experiments to measure the speed of light. Astronomers use the speed of light to determine the distances between objects in the universe. In 1850, Foucault used an instrument developed  in partnership with Fizeau- now known as the Fizeau-Foucault apparatus - to prove that the once-popular corpuscular theory of light was not correct. His measurements helped establish that light travels slower in water than in air. Foucault continued improving his equipment to make ever-better measurements of light speed. At the same time, Foucault was working on an instrument that became known as the Foucault pendulum, which he devised and installed at the Pantheon de Paris. The large pendulum is suspended overhead, swinging back and forth all day in a motion known as oscillation. As Earth rotates, the pendulum knocks over small objects placed in a circle on the floor underneath it. The fact that the pendulum knocks over these objects proves that Earth rotates on an axis. The objects on the floor spin with the Earth, but the pendulum suspended overhead does not. Foucault was not the first scientist to build such a pendulum, but he brought the concept to prominence. Foucault pendulums exist in many museums to this day, providing a simple demonstration of our planets spin. The Foucault pendulum in the Pantheon de Paris. Public domain Light continued to fascinate Foucault. He measured polarization (the geometry of light waves) and improved the shape of telescope mirrors in order to properly light. He also continued to strive to measure the speed of light with greater accuracy. In 1862, he determined that the sped was 298,000 kilometers per second. His calculations were quite close to what we know as the speed of light today: just under 300,000 kilometers per second.   Later Life and Death Foucault continued to carry out his experiments throughout the 1860s, but his health deteriorated. He developed muscular weakness and had difficulty breathing and moving, all signs of what could have been the degenerative disease multiple sclerosis. He was also reported to have suffered a stroke the year before his death. There have been some suggestions that he suffered from mercury poisoning after being exposed to the element during his experiments. Là ©on Foucault died on February 11, 1868, and was buried in the Montmartre Cemetery. He is remembered for his wide-ranging and influential contributions to science, particularly in the field of astrophysics. Sources â€Å"Jean Bernard Là ©on Foucault.† Clavius Biography, www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Foucault.html.â€Å"Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You - Timeline - Jean-Bernard-Leon Foucault.† Molecular Expressions Cell Biology: Bacteria Cell Structure, micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/foucault.html.This Month in Physics History. www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200702/history.cfm.

The topic is in details Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The topic is in details - Essay Example During disputes, each party has specific needs and wants. Conflict ensues because both differing parties do not agree about whose wants and needs takes precedence over the others’. Negotiation strives to create an environment where prioritization of interests can be achieved. In case prioritization fails, negotiation will help conflicting parties reach an agreement through balanced compromise of their respective interests. According to Smith (2000), such balanced compromise of interests creates fairness. However, conflicting parties may fail to agree because both sides may hold substantially different understanding and perspectives of fairness. An example of such a situation is seen in the ancient Melian-Athens conflict features in the Melian Dialogue by Thucydides. Prior to engaging in any negotiation or in understanding why two conflicting parties are engaging in a negotiation, it is appropriate to appraise the causative aspects of an underlying conflict. In addition, it is advisable to acknowledge the social, political and economic context in which conflicts and subsequent negotiations are taking place. Melian Dialogue by Thucydides covers events surrounding tribal conflicts in ancient Greece. Despite being a single empire, Greece was divided along its ethnic lines. Buckley (2010) said that there were two major divisions, the Athenians deriving its roots from the Ionians and the Spartans from the Dorian heritage. Sparta adopted an oligarchic political structure characterized by a few wealthy members of the society commanding and ruling the rest of the citizens. On the contrary, Athens was democratic and the wealthiest nation in Greece. In this case, both parties held contrary political, economic and social opinions which lead to growing tens ion between them. Sparta had allies, including Melos while Athens also had its allies. Increasing tension sparked a 10-year conflict marking the first phase of Peloponnesian war between Sparta and its allies

Escape from the Long Arm of the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Escape from the Long Arm of the Law - Essay Example The dialog finds Plato's mentor and narrative mouthpiece imprisoned and awaiting execution, a result of the trial in which he was found guilty of corrupting the youth of Athens. Crito, a friend of Socrates, has come to prison to visit the condemned man and to advocate that Socrates escape from jail. Socrates will have none of it, and instead engages Crito in one of Socrates' famous dialogs, all in an effort to prove that Socrates cannot flee the punishment of Athens in a way that does not do serious injustice. To justify his claims, Socrates introduces the character of the Laws, voice of the legal charter of Athens. The Laws ask Socrates to stay where he is, to avoid even thinking about escape, since doing so would invite the utter ruination of Athens as a whole: â€Å"Do you imagine,† the Laws inquire, â€Å"that a city can continue to exist and not be turned upside down, if the legal judgments which are pronounced in it have no force but are nullified and destroyed by priva te persons† (Plato 50a-b)? If anyone could simply escape their punishment whenever it didn't suit their own desires, they would be bending laws past their breaking point, since punishment would never have any meaning. Socrates concludes that such a stance is unacceptable. To explain his position to Crito, who is obviously predisposed to the opposite position, Socrates offers a couple of analogies, each of which highlights Socrates's subordinate relationship to the Laws. The law, he contends, is like a father or a master, and Socrates is the child or the slave—in either instance, neither the child nor the slave has the legal right to retaliate against the parent or master simply because they did not like their treatment in one particular instance. In a similar fashion, Socrates benefited from the laws regarding marriage and childrearing, and he cannot simply pick and choose such that he gains all the benefits but suffers none of the consequences. It helps his claim that the Laws have been personified, thus making a set of very diverse laws seem as if they were crafted together and objectively (which seems unlikely) and Socrates clearly believes that because one cannot separate out the Lawsone wants to obey from the Lawsone does not, then one must submit to the force of law in general. This is true even if the law ultimately produces an unfair or even unjust outcome. The price of that one small injustice does not justify committing a grave injustice by disobeying. I believe that the logical result of the Platonic view is nothing less than authoritarianism. There exists little wiggle room in Plato's formulation; the law commands and the citizen obeys. Socrates argues that the greater injustice comes from violating the laws, but what is the threshold at which such a statement can be made? If the state orders the infanticide of second or third-born children because of concerns over population density, or if the federal government declares that cancer p atients can only take marijuana if it comes in a pharmaceutical company's pill form rather than an inexpensive and more effective joint, does one really have to just shrug their shoulders and obey?

Billy Graham and His Impact Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Billy Graham and His Impact - Research Paper Example Leading an extraordinary and remarkable life, Billy Graham’s name will forever be remembered as the man who has influenced and shaped the world of Evangelism and Christianity in all of the United States of America. His life is the account of the impact he has made in the world. Born as the eldest on the seventh day in the month of November in 1918, Billy Graham was raised on their family’s dairy farmland in close proximity to the largest city in the state of North Carolina by his parents, William Franklin Graham I who was a successful cultivator and entrepreneur and Morrow Coffey. As he was growing up with his four other siblings namely Katherine, Melvin, and Jean, he was already surrounded by the Christian upbringing in the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church. When the Noble Experiment was imposed in 1933, when he was only a young man at the age of about fifteen years old, Graham’s father had forced him as well as his sister Katherine into drinking and engaging in alcoholic beverages to the point where they would start throwing up. This event that happened early in his life, only as a young teenager, has caused him and his sister a strong feeling of hatred and abhorrence for alcohol and intoxicating drinks and beverages as well as drugs. Graham, a year after the incident, was converted when he was only sixteen years of age at that time when he was attending a series of several revivals and renewal meeting in which Mordecai Fowler Ham an American Independent Baptist evangelist and temperance movement leader, a social movement that insists on the reduction of in taking and drinking alcoholic beverages, was in charge of. He enthused up quite a number of different issues and controversies when he was charged and accused of ethical negligence and lack of discipline while he was attending and studying at his local high school.

View from a Bridge - Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

View from a Bridge Arthur Miller Essay Choose a play in which there is a scene involving intense emotion. Show how the dramatist makes you aware of the intensity of the emotion in the scene and discuss the importance of the scene to the drama as a whole. In his play A View from the Bridge, Arthur Miller successfully conveys to the audience the tensions, jealousy, hostility and raw emotions between the characters in one particular scene at the end of Act 1 in his play. A View from the Bridge centres round the Carbone family who stay in Brooklyn New York, Eddie the head of the family is an ordinary man part of the local Italian community who is master in his own house. Eddie believes that it is a mans place to look after and protect his family and as head of the household he is used to laying down the rules. Eddie and his wife Beatrice take on the responsibility of looking after Eddies late sisters daughter Catherine who Eddie brings up as if she was his own but it soon becomes clear that Eddies feelings are deeper than those of a protective uncle, he is in love with his niece. The arrival of two of his wifes relatives from Italy, Marco and Rodolpho is at first welcomed by Eddie, he is happy to hide the illegal immigrants. However when Rodolpho starts to show an interest in Catherine, Eddie becomes increasingly jealous and hostile towards both men, in particular Rodolpho, but he bottles up his feelings. At the end of the first Act things come to a head and his jealousy, hostility and obsession with Catherine is made obvious when he finally realises that his efforts to stop Catherine and Rodolpho marrying are going nowhere. Eddie resorts to violence under the pretence of teaching Rodolpho to box merely as an excuse to hit him. Forced to watch Catherine and Rodolpho getting close as they dance together Eddies sarcastic comments about Rodolphos manliness clearly show his hostility to Rodolpho He sings, he cooks, he could make dresses I cant cook, I cant sing, I cant make dresses, so Im on the water front. But if I could cook, if I could sing, if I could make dresses, I wouldnt be on the water front. The stage direction tells us that Eddie has been unconsciously twisting the newspaper he is tense, like a spring waiting to uncoil and this finally happens and things are brought to a head when he offers to teach Rodolpho to box and what starts out as a seemingly harmless sparring session leads to Eddie hitting his opponent with needless force a fact which is noticed by everybody in the room. Marco rises from his seat and Catherine quickly rushes to Rodolphos side Eddie aware that he has taken things a step to far and tries to cover his tracks by saying that he punched too hard by accident I didnt hurt him. Did I hurt you, kid? However Eddie has overstepped the mark and in an attempt to humiliate Rodolpho he angers Marco who is careful not to verbally threaten his host, actions speak louder than words. Marco challenges Eddie to lift a chair when it is in a certain position but Eddie fails the challenge. Marco then successfully lifts the chair above his head powering over a frightened Eddie. The stage directions describe Marco as He kneels, grasps and with strain slowly raises the chair higher and higher, getting to his feet they go on to describe how Marco is face to face with Eddie, a strained tension gripping his eyes and jaw, his neck stiff, the chair raised like a weapon over Eddies head-and he transforms what might appear to be a glare of warning into a smile of triumph Marco is obviously giving a warning to Eddie to not continue to mess around, and make fun of his brother by showing him the danger he invites. The audience can tell at once that this is a very dramatic point in the play; Catherine and Rodolpho who have resumed dancing immediately stop. The stage direction Rodolpho and Catherine have stopped dancing in the middle of this hostile situation shows that they are aware that Marco has also taken things a little too far. Miller also describes Eddie when Marco is glaring at him His grin vanishes as he absorbs his look this action by Eddie clearly shown both Marco and the audience that Marco has achieved what he set out to do, give Eddie a warning and this is highlighted by the fact that as soon as Eddies expression turns to one of fear Marco looks at him and his own expression changes into a victorious smile. The feelings revealed in this act of the play an important part in the relationships between the characters in the remainder of the play. The hostility and anger felt by Eddie magnifies. Eddies obsession with his niece finally leads him to hit Rodolpho when he becomes aware that the two have slept together. In the end Catherine finally decides to marry Rodolpho and Eddie decides that he has no choice but to inform the Immigration Bureau that he has been hiding two illegal immigrants. Eddie takes this action despite earlier comments that Its an honour to give the men refuge. In breaking his code of honour Eddie loses everything the respect of his neighbours, his friends and his family and in the final scenes of the play he comes head to head with and angry and betrayed Marco, cowardly brandishing a knife Eddie attacks Marco but in self defence Marco turns the knife on Eddie fatally stabbing him. Arthur Miller cleverly sets the tone of the play during the hostile scene in Act 1. The domestic harmony that exists at the start disappears and the audience learns quickly about Eddies obsession and his obvious frustration and anger towards his nieces admirer. Miller uses stage direction to show the audience the true extent of the raw emotions felt by the characters and to show the drama and crisis which finally climaxes in the death of the main character. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.