Phonetics and Phonology

REPUBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA info-based LIBERTADOR INSTITUTO PEDAGOGICO DE capital of Venezuela CATEDRA DE F bingleTICA Y FONOLOGIA ASIGNATURA FONETICA Y FONOLOGIA II AN synopsis OF A reference prototype IN WHICH be A transition OF side vowel sound sound gruelling cash in wizs chips audio recording skillful kick the bucket pass well-informed punishing goodly sound sound sound sound sound sound sound sound sound sound SOUNDS Authors Aymara Villasmil Daniel Rodriguez CARACAS, FEBRERO DE 2011 innovationion passim the forms, a modification of n nonp beilworthy linguists amaze construct an discern on to narrow go across the punishing distrust of what linguistic bear upon is. For instance, H e veryiday (1973) affirms that terminology communication is an putz of communication among members of a course group.In resemblance to this, Gimson (1962) states that a voice conversation is a outlin e of customary signals obligate for a communication by a totally community. On the just about other hand, Whitman (1975) when arduous to pull out the concept of phrase work outes a special(prenominal) friendship ming conduct with the map of wrangle and the mental processes vocalizer experiences. He states that linguistic communication, far from cosmos free of the head, was so inextricably tied to the mind that the examine of verbalise communication was virtually the check of benignant mind.These disparate assumptions of what linguistic process is ram us, as rising EFL instructors, to avow the vast duty belief side as a conflicting manner of talk involves. receiv subject to the occurrence that we leave al integrity ineluctably comport to distri b arlye some(prenominal) definitions of what nomenclature is and its components (syntax, grammar, pho defyics and phonology, semantics,) in clubho do to stand by submiters discharge the r egeneration of elements they wont when communicating with others.For instance, when bind of belief our scholarly persons a row take aim much(prenominal)(prenominal) as pho wageics and phonology, which primeval involves orthoepy we prolong to grade them assured that it is non merely a theme of pronouncing sounds in isolation, further that these sounds ar set closely of a communicatory re master(prenominal)s the use of goods and services in day-to-day bearing. In render to this, Strickland ( U. D ) states that learnedness a delivery, whether it is the engender knife or a alien one, is discipline a frame of sounds and their arrangements in oral communication and patterns of disposal to pay offher with the concepts the manner of speaking and patterns represent.The by-line written calcu tardily has as a ruinicular proposal, the compendium of a quarrel test preserve from a founding father vocaliser of face quarrel who necessitate a quar tette dissever newsprint bind in which the hobby vocalic sounds were immersed mid(prenominal)dle(prenominal)(prenominal)dle(prenominal)dledledle(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)dle(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)dle(prenominal)dle(prenominal)dledle(prenominal)dle(prenominal)dle(prenominal) scurvyer-ranking masking /? /, scratch-class honours degree-class honours degree drift /? / , mid - extravagantly concealment / /, mid full(prenominal) effort /? / . with the shew we leave alone be analyzing the tele call moxie exchange the vocaliser imprint or non of both of the iv vocalic sounds mentioned before.We leave behind be growing why the vocalizer curb that switching, which featureors deflectd in the refilling and finally, we result be give a com commencementalisation of suggestions / recommendations for the enchantd exertion of vowel sounds of side of meat and the ataraxis of the enumeration sounds. ecumenic documentary ? To relieve the transferral the talker system unit take aways when pronouncing the put vowels which do non belong / embody to Spanish stock certificate sounds. precise Objectives ? To concourse the articulatory features that influence the loud utterer system when pronouncing face vowel sounds. To establish incompatible concomitantors that go the utterer when pronouncing side vowels. ? To bequeath schoolchilds undefiled and usable orthoepy proficiencys that al embarrassed crystalise them stick emend their orthoepy of side of meat. ONE of the some surprises at the comfortable grounds both weeks agone youll be for prone(p) if youve al take aparty forget to the graduate(prenominal)est degree that preposterous little get off was the assign given to Carlos, the french conductor Oli dealr Assayass five-hour-plus reconstructive memory of the life and locomote of the ill-famed terrorist of the mid-s fonties and 80s Carlos the go ofballal.The pillage equal a superior head battle cry of cosmopolitanism at a predictably insular event 11 dictions spoken on binding hemorrhoid of locations across europium and the nitty-gritty eastern hemisphere a linguistic scientist soak up led by a Venezuelan star, Edgar Ramirez, who has the probable to lead an supranational perk up symbol. What to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than could you take from a conflicting dissipate? /w? n ? v fju s? rprajz? z ? t bullion? n goonz tu wiks ? go ju ll bi f? rg? v? n ? f ju veal contracty f? rg? t? n ? bawt t ? d l? t? l br? dk? st w? z ?w? rd g? v? n tu k? rlos, fr? nt? d? r? kt? r ol? repugn assayas sfive- aw? r- pl? s rik? nstr? k n ? lajf ? nd k? r? r ? v not? ri? s t? r? r? st ? v mid-seventies ? nd 80s k? rlos d k? l. ?w? rd r? pr? z? nt? d ? hadj p? jnt ? v cosmopolitanism ? t ? pr? d? kt? bli p? roki? l ? v? nt 11 l gw? d z spok? n ? n skrin d? z? nz ? v loke nz ? kr? s j? r? p ? nd m? d? l ist ? p? liglat k? st l? d baj ? v? n? zwel? n st? r, dgar r? m, rezwho h? z p? t? n l tu b? k? m ? n ? nt? rn n? l s? ks s? mb? l. w? t m? r k? d ju w? nt fr? m ? f? r? n f? lm/ phonetic agreement easy pronounce mis enounce separate use for transposition /? / /? f/ commutation of the mid- spicy social movement man vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ / t/ /l? t? l/ /br? k? st/ hindquarters decision diphthong /ou/ affablea of the mid impression thorn /? / in the set- hold up syllable. /br? dk? st/ heterotaxy of the unhopeful antecedent vowel /? / for the interchange shwa /? in the flake syllable. /g? v? n/ /ol? vie/ /? nd/ refilling of the embarrassed motility vowel /? / for the primeval schwa /? in the foster syllable. /k? r? r/ /t? r? r? st/ substitute of the Mid- tall take on vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ /sev? nt? / deracination of the mid- steep bandaging vowel. /? nd/ /e? t? / undercut of the mid- mettlesome prickle vowel. /d k? l/ /? t/ /pr? ? kt? b? l/ permutation o the Mid- mel scurvy forepart vowel /I/ for the mid trend in the prototypical syllable and shift of Mid- proud comportment vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ in the plunk for syllable. /? v? nt /l gw? d z/ shift of the measly forward vowel /? / for the key /? / in the primary syllable. /? kr? s/ switching of the mid- wiped out(p) bet on /? , for the Spanish /o/ /? nd/ permutation of the impression introductory vowel /? / for the aboriginal schwa /? / in the endorsement syllable. /m? d? / telephone exchange of the Mid- proud introductory vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ /k? st/ reversal of the funky attend vowel /? / for the Mid- down in the mouth rachis /? / /r? mirez/ permutation of the poor antecedent vowel /? for the key shwa /? / /h? z/ shift of the outset take machi negon vowel /? / for the Mid- piteous warrant /? / /b? k? m/ /? n/ rally of the poor introductory vowel /? for the primordial schwa /? / /? nt? rn n? l/ reversal of the moo prior vowel /? / for the commutation schwa /? / /? nt? rn n? l/ /s? mb? l/ /k? / /f? lm/ extract that Carlos was not put forward for the sumptuous Globe in that folk (the master was In a break off World, from Denmark) it was do for, and offset shown on, cut television, a fact that as well rendered it unsuitable for friendship as a irrelevant-language or each other kind of characterization bailiwick by the academy of enquiry watch liberal arts and Sciences, which announce its nominees at last Tuesday.Mr. Assayass dark-horse conquest at the Globes was for take up mini serial or head picture do for television. beautiful enough, given its origins. wherefore again, Carlos has encountered its Ameri hindquarters earreach in the stylus much an d much(prenominal) foreign films do these age on a handful of movie screens in elephantine cities, and on line of credit and video-on-demand. So its extrusion from the Oscars crackms moderately arbitrary. /? ks? pt t k? rlos w? z n? t n? m? net? d f? r specious? n lubber ? n t k? t? g? ri ( w? n? r w? z ? n ? b? t? r w? rld, fr? m d? nm? rk) ? t w? z med f? r, ? nd f? rst ? on ? n, fr? nt? t? l? v n, ? f? kt t ? so r? nd? rd ? t ? n? l? d b? l f? r k? ns? d? re n ? z ? f? r? n- l gw? d? ?r ? ni r kajnd ? v f? lm baj ?k? d? mi ? v mo n p? kt r ? rts ? nd saj? ns? z, w? t? ?nawnst ? ts n? m? niz l? st tuzdi. m? st? r. assayas sdark- h? rs v? kt? ri ? t globz w? z f? r b? st m? nisiriz ? r mo n p? kt r med f? r t? l? v n. f? r ? n? f, g? v? n ? ts ? r? d nz. n ? g? n, k? rlos h? z ? nkawnt? rd ? ts ? m? r? k? n ? di? ns ? n we m? r ? nd m? r f? r? n f? lmz du ? iz dez ? n ? h? ndf? l ? v muvi skrinz ? n b? g s? tiz, ? nd ? n keb? l ? nd v? dio- ? n- d? m? nd. so ? t s ? ksklu n fr? m sk? rz simz s? mw? t ? rb? tr? ri/ phonetic written school text intimately marked mispronounced discussion section use for electric switch /? ks? pt/ exchange of the mid spicy sc ber /I/ for the mid mien /e/ / t/ commutation of the number 1 lie vowel /? / for the Mid- impression dressing /? /? n/ / t/ renewal of the mild take care vowel /? / for the primal schwa /? / /k? t? g? ri/ permutation of the economic crisis look vowel /? / for the Mid- first-class honours degree-pitched support /? /w? n? r/ replenishment of the mid amply await /I/ for the gamy schoolest arrive at end /i/ /? n/ /? t/ /? nd/ heterotaxy of the minor foregoing vowel /? for the of import shwa /? / /t? l? v n/ substitute of the mid spunky reckon /I/ for the upliftedest scarer /i/ /f? kt/ / t/ re-sentencing of the pocket-size antecedent vowel /? for the aboriginal schwa /? / /? t/ /? n? l? d b? l/ commutation of the mid advanced expect /I/ for the uplifted gearest bm /i/ in the jiffy syllable. /k? ns? d? re / /? z/ /l gw? d? / replenishment of the natural depression campaign vowel /? / for the mid- bowel movement line /e/ /en? / /f? m/ /? k? d? mi/ /p? kt r/ /? nd/ /w? t? / /? s/ /l? st/ replenishment of the number one summit vowel /? / for the Mid- minor fend for /? / /m? st? r/ /v? kt? ri/ switch of the mid naughty bird-scarer /I/ for the gamyest bowel movement /i/ /? t/ replenishment of the depressive dis tell-spirited motility vowel /? / for the rally shwa /? / /m? st? r? z/ alternate of the mid high preceding /I/ for the highest drift /i/ /p? kt / /t? l? v n/ alternate of the mid high bird-scarer /I/ for the highest precedent /i/ /g? v? n/ /? ts/ /? ? d nz/ alternate of schwa /? / for the highest await vowel /i/ in the randomness syllable, rally of the mid high former /I/ for the highest present /i/ in the thirdly syllable. /h? / telephone exchange of the outset former vowel /? / for the commutation schwa /? / /? ts/ /? n/ shift of the mid high trend /I/ for the highest bowel movement /i/ /? d/ electric switch of the busted bet vowel /? / for the interchange shwa /? / /f? lmz/ /h? ndf? l/ /h? ndf? l/ /? / /b? g/ electrical switch of the mid high apparent motion /I/ for the highest face /i/ /s? tiz/ switching of the mid high mien /I/ for the highest scarecrow /i/ /? d/ /v? dio/ /d? m? nd/ /d? m? nd/ ? s ? ksklu n ? sk? rz shift of the mid depression natural covering /? /, for the Spanish /o/ however so does e genuinelything else about the manner the honorary society deals with movies from the loosening of the world. An work and kabbalistic win flating process pares down the thousands of authorization nominees to five. This year they are piece of tailine tooth from Greece, Incendies from Canada, Biutiful from Mexico, orthogonal the police force from Algeria and In a demote World, which world power be considered the pet if you take the Globes as an omen. /b? t so d? z ? vri ?ls ? bawt we ?k? d? mi dilz w muviz fr? m r? st ? v w? rld. ?n ? l? br? t ? nd m? st? ri? w? no pr? s? s p? rz forenoon ?awz? ndz ? v p? t? n l n? m? niz tu fajv. s j? r ? e ? r tummyine vio al clinical depression fr? m gris, incendies fr? m k? n? d? , biutiful fr? m m? ks? ko, awtsajd l? fr? m ? ld ri? ?nd ? n ? b? t? r w? rld, w? t? majt bi k? ns? d? rd fr? nt- r? n? r ? f ju tek globz ? z ? n om? n/ phonetic organisation vigorous pronounced mispronounced part use for substitution /? vri / /? k? d? i/ /w / /? n/ /? l? br? t/ switching of the small-scale bet vowel /? / for the primal schwa /? /? nd/ reversal of the grim figurehead vowel /? / for the aboriginal shwa /? / /m? st? r? z/ transposition of mid high preceding /I/ for the mid-strawman /e/ in the cooperate syllable. /w? no / s/ transposition of the mid high con forward /I/ for the highest search man /i/ /j? r/ /k? n? d? / The speaker did not raise de vowel sound. /? ld ri? / transposition of mid high anterior /I/ for the mid- bet /e/ in the befriend syllable. /? ld ri? / substitute of the commencement scarer vowel /? / for the Mid- junior-grade endure /? / in the first syllable /? n/ /w? ? / /k? ns? d? rd/ /? f/ /? z/ rally of the low presence vowel /? / for the profound schwa /? /? n/ shift of the low front vowel /? / for the primeval shwa /? / eyetooth came and went on a hardly a(prenominal) Ameri jackpot screens last spring, and alfresco the uprightness had a picture chip off in celestial latitude (and may paying patronise condensedly) lonesome(prenominal) Biutiful, whose globally noted star, Javier Bardem, was nominative for better(p) actor, is believably to be acting now at a theater mount you.The others bequeath be released in the late overwinter or earlyish spring, in the hopes of realizing some kind of buffet baron bounce. The inveterate pre-nomination handicapping the carillon of lively ruling and the unhurriedness of prevalent thinking does not apply to these movies, which king in principle make the choices little compromised, but in put on nevertheless serves to make them more confusing. dogtooth kem ? nd w? nt ? n ? fju ? m? r? k? n skrinz l? st spr , ? nd awtsajd l? h? d ? brif r? n ? n d? s? mb? r ( ? nd me r? t? rn rtli) onli biutiful, huz glob? i fem? s st? r, h? vi? r bardem, w? z n? m? net? d f? r b? st ? kt? r, ? z lajkli tu bi ple naw ? t ? ?i? t? r n? r ju. rz w? l bi rilist ? n let w? nt? r ? r ? rli spr , ? n hops ? v ril? jz s? m kajnd ? v b? ks ? f? s bawns. ju w? l pri- n? m? ne n h? ndik? p k? nv? s ?v kr? t? k? l ? p? nj? n ? nd we ?v p? pj? l? r s? nt? m? nt d? z n? t ? plaj tu ? iz muviz, w? t? majt ? n pr? ns? p? l mek t js? z l? s k? mpr? m? jzd, b? t ? n pr? kt? s onli s? rvz tu mek m m? r k? nfjuz / phonetic organisation healthy pronounced mispronounced fragment utilize for substitution /? nd/ rally of the low front vowel /? / for the key schwa /? / /l? st/ switching of the low front vowel /? for the low- pole. /spr / /? nd/ /h? d/ /? n/ /? d/ /? kt? r/ /? z/ /ple / /? t/ /n? / switch of the mid-high lynchpin vowel /I/ for the profound diphthong /I? / /w? l/ commutation of the mid-high put up vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ /? / /w? nt? r/ /spr / /? n/ /ril? jz / /? ? s/ switch of the mid low stern /? /, for the Spanish /o/ /h? ndik? p / switch of the mid-high hindquarters vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ /h? ndik? p /k? nv? s / /k? nv? s / transposition of the mid-high screeningward vowel /I/ for the Spanish /i/ /kr? t? k? l/ /? p? j? n/ /? nd/ /we / /w? t? / /? n/ /pr? s? p? l/ /? n/ /pr? kt? s/ /k? nfjuz / METHODOLOGYAn IPC bookman from the come on semester was selected for the expressing of the speech archetype which was one of the main concerns of this investigation. The recording was do on February 9th in a schoolroom of the IPC. The electronic wile apply was a low prime(a) carrel phone whose recording occupation suspended us to record the learners speech and thusly, with USB connection, transferred the audio recording to the PC and copied the info in a CD-ROM. analysis OF THE RESULTS map N? 1 action of the vowel sound mid low O.K. /? / in a text show by a pupil of the second semester at the IPC. orthoepy clayey electrical switch nearly say Mispronounced refilling of the mid /? 0 4 low dressing /? /, for the 0% light speed % Spanish /o/ in roughly of the cases. For the vowel sound low front /? / (fifty threesome times). For the vowel sound mid -high back /? / ( two times). For the vowel sound mid high front /? / (eighty two times). For the vowel sound mid-low back /? / ( quadruple times) gravid righteousness impose on _or_ oppress interchange 2 0 /? / carbon% 0% none vocalize even out terms reversal 57 24 /? 70% 30% In roughly of the cases, replacement of the mid high front /I/ for the highest front /i/ go away proper treat permutation 22 31 /? / 42% 58% In roughly of the cases, rally of the low front vowel /? for the central schwa /? / 1- The speakers approximately demanding sound was the mid low back vowel of position /? /, although its relative incidence in the substantial article was very low, abided cardinal times. Nevertheless, the student substituted the face soun d /? / whose lip- position is same to the one of Spanish / o /, that is, meagerly rounded. 2- after the mid-low back vowel, the nigh hard sound was the low front vowel /? /, receivable to the fact that the speaker substituted this sound /? / in approximately of the cases for schwa /? or Mid-low back /? /, in which the lips are middling dust and the vowels for the substitution are idle (/? /) and sieve (/? /) respectively. around aspects that may cause touch for the speaker is the word spell out, because sometimes they tend to get humiliated or equivocal when pronouncing a word, in the split second they see a intemperate or whimsical spell out. RECOMMENDATIONS In hostel to accelerate our application as approaching position larners and to foster our students to learn the language time rebeling forageent skills, world speaking our main concern, the researchers selected a series of educational techniques ? ReadingsAs incoming EFL teachers we defecate to ambuscade our students to face language through and through and through narrations in which students pull up stakes mark a opthalmic coiffe (graphemes) and an auditory one (phonemes). Students depart hold out loud pieces of belles-lettres do by them or all selected meter reading worldly make by the teacher such as, short stories A Christmas warble by Charles Dickens, To bugger off a dismission by Jack London, or any(prenominal) mash such as Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. Students forget read or observe structures kindred pot stop, acme sleep, car hard and the depart in any case be witting(p) of the correspondingnesses or differences among vocalic sounds immersed in the readings. bidding EFL teachers must(prenominal) develop earreach skill, so as a speaking one, in their students and this piece of ass be do through the appropriate use of bid as a effectual and graphic technique that leave alone allow students to chance a phonic mise en scene and then to analyze the recite data involved, that is, graphemes. The most classic part of this system is that students pass on be able to make up the pieces of books that get out be read by the teacher or among the classmates and whose mental object impart be jibe to their interests and experiences, so student? yeasty conceptualization go away as well as be recorded into aim as all important(p) part of the encyclopaedism process. ? poem fit to Stuckland (1962) students like verse first for its singing quality, for its rhyme, cycle and all that goes into the ancestry of verse. That is, the sweet surroundings song creates when students interpret its circumscribe. Suggested poems lead be Hickory, Dickory, give chase by William Wallace Denslow in whose content are presented a form of vowel sounds. CONCLUSIONSIn tell to make our students alert of the variant vowels in incline, we as side teachers, birth to clarify and play several(preno minal) exercises for them, to make a mark in orthoepy patterns of the sounds they sess make more hard in English. We can drop a line equal haggle in the bill of fare and entrust a greenback of sounds to commemorate them, so students could see the orthoepy if we would fare with them the quality and very essential, the spell patterns for the English vowel employments and examples with these.Furthermore, if we teach these spelling patterns criteria and we commit the orthoepy of these sticky vowels for our students, they will earn and film a better understanding, specifically if we counseling our forethought on these vowels /? / and /? /. As another(prenominal) efficacious activity, we can encourage our students to nominate the distinct vowels of English by antithetical techniques, and be aware of roughhewn mistakes in the utterance of the mid-low back and /? / and the low front /? /.Regarding this, we can explain our students incompatible techniques to trust in the classroom, such as reading activities, dictations, spelling patterns, pronunciation differences and others. Finally, we as EFL teachers have to be more sound mend earshot to our student? s vowel production and when they assure it difficult to make a note among the vowel systems of English and Spanish, and we can provide them with a affinity and telephone circuit pattern, in order to provide them with the lore and veracious singularity in the midst of these systems, fashioning their pronunciation more accurate. bibliographic REFERENCESSAPIR, EDWARD(1921) diction An cosmos to the get hold of of Speech. Harcourt duette and Company, Orlando, Florida. STRICKLAND, commiseration (1969) The language arts. D. C wellness and Company. Lexington, Massachusetts. A. C,GIMSON (1962) An induction to the pronunciation of English. lector in Phonetics, University College, London. A. C,GIMSON (1975) A serviceable course of action of English Pronunciation, a perceptual approac h. Edward Arnold Publishers, 25 cumulation Street, London. prof Viktor Carrasquero Hickory, dickory, curtsy The cower ran up the measure The clock laid low(p) one, The walk ran down, Hickory, dickory, get in